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Postoperative asymptomatic patients with early cancer (lung cancer) have dormant disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in their metastatic target organs, and the proliferation of these DTCs is the key link leading to clinical metastasis. The development of therapeutic agents to maintain DTCs dormant or eradicate dormant DTCs will prevent tumor metastasis and break through the bottleneck of improving the overall efficacy of treating malignant tumors. This paper reviews the methods of establishing in vitro and in vivo research models of DTCs with dormant characteristics to promote the understanding of dormant DTCs and improve the research and development efficiency of anti-tumor metastasis drugs.
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Objective To explore the effect of immune senescence on lung cancer metastasis and reveal the mechanism of Fuzheng traditional Chinese medicine Jinfukang in the prevention and treatment of the metastasis. Methods A lung metastasis model of Lewis lung cancer cells was established in C57BL/6 mice with different ages (15 months, 6 months, and 2 months). Mice in the 6-month-old group were given Jinfukang intragastrically for 42 days. Pulmonary metastasis was analyzed by in vivo imaging, anatomical microscopic observation, and HE staining. The proportion of memory T cells and NK cells in peripheral blood was detected by flow cytometry. Results The lung metastatic tumor formation rate of 15-month-old and 6-month-old mice was significantly higher than that of 2-month-old mice (all P < 0.05). Abundance of CD4+T cells in peripheral blood was positively correlated with age (2-month-old vs. 6-month-old, P=0.041; 2-month-old vs.15-month-old, P=0.041; 6-month-old vs.15-month-old, P=0.953). The abundance of NK cells was negatively correlated with age (2-month-old vs. 6-month-old, P=0.009; 2-month-old vs.15-month-old, P=0.009; 6-month-old vs. 15-month-old, P=0.574). However, the survival time of mice in the Jinfukang group was longer (P > 0.05) and the level of NK cells in peripheral blood was significantly higher (P=0.029) than those in the normal saline group. Conclusion Immune senescence can promote the metastasis of lung cancer. The prolongation of the survival time of mice administered with Jinfukang may be related to delaying immune senescence and increasing the number of NK cells.
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The prevention and treatment of tumor metastasis can significantly improve the survival of patients with solid tumors. However, there is still a lack of effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of metastasis. The main reason is that the existing intervention and therapeutic drugs are difficult to achieve precise prevention and treatment of metastasis. Due to disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) already exist in the metastatic target organs of early postoperative patients, they are difficult to be detected with existing imaging techniques, and there is a lack of effective intervention drugs and efficacy evaluation systems. When DTCs grow to be detectable by imaging, the patient is already in the advanced stage of cancer, which has become a bottleneck restricting the breakthroughs in metastasis prevention and treatment. This paper reviews the dormancy and survival mechanism of DTCs in metastatic target organs and its intervention strategies, in order to promote the curative effect of metastasis prevention and treatment.
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Metastasis is the main factor leading to the death of patients with lung cancer, and active prevention is the key to improve the efficacy of treatment. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play an important role in initiating metastasis. They trigger a series of metastatic cascade reactions at the moment of shedding from the primary focus, and finally colonize and proliferate in the distant target organs. In recent years, the detection technology of lung cancer CTCs has been continuously optimized. It can not only count CTCs, but also identify different subsets. CTCs detection of lung cancer can be used for early screening, the prediction of prognosis after surgery and chemoradiotherapy and the evaluation of curative effect of targeted immunotherapy. Dynamic monitoring of tumor heterogeneity is helpful to adjust personalized treatment plan and achieve the accurate treatment of cancer. Tian Jianhui's research group established the world's first circulating tumor cell line of human lung adenocarcinoma, integrated it into the theory of "positive deficiency and toxin" in the subclinical core pathogenesis of lung cancer, and actively promoted the construction of a specific research platform for lung cancer, in order to improve the research, prevention and control efficiency of lung cancer metastasis.
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Traditional Chinese medicine attaches great importance to the health Qi in the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors and emphasizes the concept of "harmonizing yin and yang until a balance is reached". Professor Liu Jiaxiang has established an academic system of "strengthening the health Qi to treat cancer" characterized by "putting people first" and "protecting the health Qi", emphasizing the regulation of the body's internal resistance (including immunity) to prevent and treat malignant tumors. The tumor immunotherapy has been proven effective in the field of pan-cancer and is considered as the most possible cure for cancer. This article deeply studies the scientific connotation of "health Qi" of human body and its role in tumor pathogenesis from the perspective of tumor immunology, which will promote the mutual promotion and integration of traditional Chinese medicine and oncology, and further improve the efficiency of prevention and control of malignant tumors in China through the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.
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Immunosenescence is the decline in the structure and function of the body's immune system that involves organs, cells, im-mune factors, and regulatory networks. Decreased immunity and immune clearance, caused by immunosenescence, are key contribu-tors to tumorigenesis. This article begins by introducing the concept of immunosenescence and provides a comprehensive description of the relationship between immunosenescence and tumorigenesis. We also discuss the influence of the various components of the immune system on tumor incidence. Finally, the article provides ideas for immunosenescence intervention aimed at the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with lung cancer .Circulating tumor cells (CTCs)play a key role in the process of distant metastasis .In recent years,research results have shown that CTCs may become a emerging marker and new target in the treatment of lung cancer .In this article,we elaborate the clinical significance of CTCs in lung cancer from the way of diagnosis and clinical staging ,metastasis and recur-rence,individual treatment and prognosis and so on ,so that we can provide a new direction for the treatment of lung cancer .
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Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), as the seeds of tumor metastasis, manage to escape from immune clearance both in microen-vironment and in peripheral blood. CTCs can also facilitate formation of pre-existing environment, which is the crucial step in metasta-sis. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), as a group of immunosuppressive cells derived from bone marrow cells, may play a key role in this process. In this review, the progress in MDSC and its role in the formation, survival, and immune escape of CTCs were exten-sively discussed to explore a new target for tumor immunotherapy.
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Immunosenescence is a biological process featured by the structural and functional decline of immunity in ageing people,which favors the carcinogenesis by rendering the body's immune surveillance and tumor escape.Decreasing clearance of tumor cells by macrophages and natural killer cell reflects the immunosenescence of innate immune,also,the tumor antigen presentation ability of dendritic cell is decreased.While,the decline of the CD8 + T cells cytotoxic effect and the secretion of tumor growth factor accounts for the immunosenescence of adaptive immunity.Intervention of immunosenescence may produce the novelty ideas of prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is considered an important complementary therapy with beneficial effects for cancer patients. Elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are a complex patient group with increasing co-morbidity and shrinking physiological reserve, and may derive substantial benefit from the supportive aspects of TCM. Researchers from Shanghai Longhua Hospital found that qi and yin deficiency is a common syndrome in patients with stage III or IV lung cancer. This project was designed to study the combination of single-agent chemotherapy with TCM methods of benefiting qi and yin in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC.
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From the development of national clinical research base of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) in Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, we made a success of construction, such as planning and foundation , curative effect , study protocol , standards , platform establishment . From the thinking to results , we made knowledge of the situation in order to provide references for the further building of clinical research base of TCM .
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OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Feiji Formula, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on lung cancer metastasis in mice. METHODS: The lung cancer metastasis model of mice was established in this experiment study. Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into three groups: untreated group, cisplatin group and Feiji Formula group. Mice in the Feiji Formula group were treated with Feiji Formula decoction; in cisplatin group, with cisplatin by intraperitoneal injection; and in the untreated group, with normal saline (NS). After twenty-day treatment, the body and tumor weights as well as the number of metastatic tumors in both lungs of each mouse were measured. RESULTS: The body weight of mice in cisplatin group was significantly less than that of Feiji Formula group and untreated group (P<0.01); the tumor weight of mice in cisplatin group and Feiji Formula group was markedly lower than that of untreated group (P<0.01); and the number of metastatic tumors in cisplatin group and Feiji Formula group was markedly lower than that of the untreated group (P<0.01), no significant difference between the Feiji Formula group and cisplatin group in terms of the weights and the numbers of metastatic tumors in bilateral lungs. CONCLUSION: Feiji Formula can suppress tumor growth and decrease the number of lung metastatic tumors in the mice, and maintain the body weight of the mice.
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Objective To evaluate the influence of tetrahydrobiopterin on NO and MDA concentration and SOD activity as well as the myocardial infarction area. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were divided into three groups randomly: control group,MI/R group and BH 4 group. After occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery of a rabbit for 60 minutes followed by 90 minutes of reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion),NO and MDA and SOD concentrations were measured and the myocardial infarction area was caculated. Results Compared with control group,the NO concentration in MI/R group was markedly decreased [(28?10) ?mol/L vs (116?17) ?mol/L,P 0.05];There was significant difference between MI/R and BH 4 groups in infarction area,too. [(18?4)% vs (16?4)%,P
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This paper is to observe the effect of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4) on lipid peroxidation in hypercholesterol rabbits.A total of 24 rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal diet(group A),BH 4 plus hypercholesterol diet(group B),VitE plus hypercholesterol diet(group C) and hypercholesterol diet(group D). After 30 d,serum total cholesterol(TC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined.The amount of TC in group A was lower than that in other groups( P